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The ''Apito Dourado'' (Golden Whistle) affair is an ongoing corruption sports scandal in Portuguese football that first arose in 2004 and was restarted in 2015. Portuguese Judiciary Police (''Polícia Judiciária'') investigators named several football personalities as suspects (''arguidos'') of corrupting or attempting to corrupt referees, including Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa, chairman of Futebol Clube do Porto,〔http://bleacherreport.com/articles/330214-fc-porto-leaked-phone-taps-proof-major-corruption-scandal〕〔(''Police raid HQ of European champions Porto'' ), ABC (Source: AFP-Agence France-Presse), December 3, 2004, accessed December 2006〕 and the former Boavista Futebol Clube chairman and Portuguese League for Professional Football President Valentim Loureiro.〔(''Portugal football bosses arrested'' ), BBC News, 20 April 2004, accessed December 2006〕 Although less notorious, a major part of the affair involved lower division referees and clubs (namely União Desportiva Sousense and Gondomar Sport Club) and club officials. In December 2006, Pinto da Costa's former partner Carolina Salgado published the book ''Eu, Carolina'' ("Me, Carolina"), where she made serious accusations against him. Pinto da Costa called these accusations "absurd" and said he would address them in court.〔(''Pinto da Costa não comenta acusações'' ), TSF Online, 12 December 2006, accessed June 207 (in Portuguese)〕 Salgado's book caused the two cases in which Pinto da Costa was involved, which had already been dismissed, to be re-opened.〔(''Carolina Salgado Testemunha da Judiciária'' ), Correio da Manhã, 12 December 2006, accessed December 2006 (in Portuguese)〕 In March 2008, Porto's Tribunal de Instrução Criminal decided that one of these cases, concerning a match between FC Porto and Beira-Mar where Pinto da Costa allegedly delivered an envelope containing 2,500 euros to the referee, would proceed to trial.〔(''Soccer-Porto president to stand trial for alleged bribery'' ), Reuters, 25 March 2008, accessed July 2008〕 The other major case involving FC Porto and Pinto da Costa, regarding a match between FC Porto and Estrela da Amadora, where FC Porto allegedly offered prostitutes to the match referees, was dismissed for the second time in June 2008 and the main accusation witness, Salgado, accused of perjury.〔(''Pinto da Costa não vai a julgamento e Carolina Salgado acusada de falsas declarações'' ) Sol, 30 June 2008, accessed July 2008 (in Portuguese)〕 In July 2008, Valentim Loureiro was found guilty of abuse of power but not guilty of corruption. He was sentenced to three years, two months of suspended jail time.〔(''Valentim condenado a três anos e dois meses de prisão com pena suspensa por abuso de poder'' ), TSF Online, 18 July 2008, accessed July 2008 (in Portuguese)〕 In 2008 the Portuguese League Disciplinary Committee, which had opened a parallel non-criminal proceeding called ''Apito Final'' (Final Whistle) sentenced Pinto da Costa to a 2 year suspension and FC Porto was docked 6 championship points for attempted bribery, something that didn't prevent FC Porto from winning the title that year; Boavista FC was sentenced to relegation for bribery and referee coercion; União de Leiria lost three points and its chairman, João Bartolomeu, was sentenced to a one-year suspension.〔http://pt.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=por/news/newsid=693895.html, Disciplinary Committee convictions (in Portuguese)〕 Many of the Apito Dourado's wiretaps were uploaded to YouTube.〔http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/sport/desporto/youtube-volta-a-revelar-segredos-do-futebol〕 ==Chronology== On 20 April 2004, the Apito Dourado operation was triggered, leading to the arrest of 16 people, including club officials and referees. Among them were the then Portuguese League for Professional Football President and Mayor of Gondomar, Valentim Loureiro, the then Chairman of the Refereeing Board, José António Pinto de Sousa, and the then chairman of Gondomar S.C., José Luís Oliveira. On 2 December, the Judiciary Police was supposed to conduct a search at Pinto da Costa's home, but the Chairman of FC Porto had allegedly been previously informed by a source in the Judiciary Police, clearing the site beforehand. On the next day, Pinto da Costa presented himself willingly in the Court of Gondomar for questioning, and was released on a 200,000 euro bail. On 20 April 2005, the "fruit affair", named as such because of the "fruit" (a codeword for prostitutes) which was used in tapped phone calls, involving FC Porto's chairman Pinto da Costa offering prostitutes to referee Jacinto Paixão before the match between FC Porto and Estrela da Amadora, was dropped. In January 2006, the Apito Dourado affair proceeded in Gondomar, and the public prosecution filed charges against 27 people, including Valentim Loureiro, José Oliveira and Pinto de Sousa. By December, Carolina Salgado, former partner of Pinto da Costa, published the book ''Eu, Carolina'' ("Me, Carolina"), in which she revealed new data about the case, mainly sports corruption situations, tax fraud, breach of judicial secrecy, assaults, perjury and obstruction to justice. This caused the court to reopen several court cases. The court cases related to the FC Porto - Estrela da Amadora and Beira-Mar - FC Porto were reopened in early 2007. The first match involved FC Porto allegedly offering prostitutes to Jacinto Paixão (the referee); the second match involved Pinto da Costa allegedly delivering Augusto Duarte (the referee) an envelope containing 2,500 euro in order for him to benefit FC Porto. The affair became known as the "envelope affair". In March 2007, the judiciary team responsible for the Apito Dourado affair announced that 56 inquiries were underway. In July, judge Maria José Morgado revealed that 20 charges were produced. In March 2008, FC Porto was indicted for the corruption cases in the matches against Beira-Mar and Estrela da Amadora. For the same reason, Nacional and Boavista were also indicted for bribering the referees of the matches against Benfica and Marítimo, and the match against Estrela da Amadora, respectively. In October 2008, the court filed the case against Pinto da Costa, Augusto Duarte, Rui Alves and António Araújo regarding the Nacional - Benfica match. In March, the public prosecution asked for the conviction of Pinto da Costa, António Araújo and Augusto Duarte regarding the FC Porto - Beira-Mar match. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apito Dourado」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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